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The natural capital framework for sustainably efficient and equitable decision makingBackgroundThe concept of ‘natural capital’ is increasingly accepted in government and private sector decision-making for its role in sustaining economic and social well-being. However, the field is fragmented, and many applications misuse its foundations in economics and ecology, which this perspective addresses by proposing an integrated framework. Available with subscription or purchase |
Regulating Green Finance and Managing Environmental Risks in the Conditions of Global UncertaintyBackgroundOpen access copy available |
Indicators to assess viable entry points for implementing landscape approachesBackgroundOpen access copy available |
Global, multi-scale standing deadwood segmentation in centimeter-scale aerial imagesBackgroundOpen access copy available |
Don’t judge species on their originsBackgroundOpen access copy available |
Decreasing landscape carbon storage in western US forests with 2 °C of warmingBackgroundOpen access copy available |
Global Carbon Budget 2024BackgroundOpen access copy available |
Global Carbon Budget 2025BackgroundOpen access copy available |
Global Carbon Budget 2010BackgroundOpen access copy available |
The global carbon budget 1959–2011BackgroundOpen access copy available |
Global carbon budget 2013BackgroundOpen access copy available |
Global carbon budget 2014BackgroundOpen access copy available |
Global Carbon Budget 2015BackgroundOpen access copy available |
Global Carbon Budget 2016BackgroundOpen access copy available |
Global Carbon Budget 2017BackgroundOpen access copy available |
Global Carbon Budget 2018BackgroundOpen access copy available |
Global Carbon Budget 2019BackgroundOpen access copy available |
Global Carbon Budget 2020Background“Global Carbon Budget 2020” quantifies the carbon dioxide (CO2) budget through 2019 and provides a 2020 projection, capturing the emissions drop associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Atmospheric CO2 nevertheless continues to rise, reflecting the cumulative effect of past emissions and the fact that sinks absorb only part of the annual anthropogenic CO2. Open access copy available |
Global Carbon Budget 2021Background“Global Carbon Budget 2021” updates the budget to 2020 and projects 2021, analyzing the rebound of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions after the initial downturn during the COVID-19 pandemic. Atmospheric CO2 continues to increase, with decadal mean growth reaching ~5.1 GtC yr⁻¹ for 2011–2020 and concentrations surpassing 412 ppm. Open access copy available |
Global Carbon Budget 2022Background“Global Carbon Budget 2022” extends the series of budgets to 2021 with a projection for 2022, documenting that fossil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions likely surpass pre-COVID pandemic levels. Atmospheric CO2 growth remains high, with decadal mean growth around 5.2 GtC yr⁻¹ for 2012-2021 and concentrations exceeding 414 ppm. Open access copy available |