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One Century of Forest Rehabilitation in the Philippines: Approaches, Outcomes, and Lessons

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This chapter provides a review of reforestation efforts in the Philippines, beginning with small-scale forest rehabilitation efforts since 1910. Reforestation was traditionally implemented by government and private companies. Since the mid-1970s, international funders have driven these efforts.

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Effect of Vegetation Restoration on Soil and Water Erosion and Nutrient Losses of a Severely Eroded Clayey Plinthudult in Southeastern China

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In this study, researchers compare erosion from reforested and degraded sites in subtropical southeastern China.

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Deforestation and Reforestation of Latin America and the Caribbean (2001–2010)

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This study examines contrasting forest cover change dynamics in Latin America and the Caribbean using MODIS satellite imagery. Many studies have documented deforestation, while others report forest recovery. This study seeks to analyze these trends on a large scale and connect them to environmental and population variables.

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Local Impacts and Responses to Regional Forest Conservation and Rehabilitation Programs in China's Northwest Yunnan province

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This article reviews large-scale government reforestation activities in Yunnan Province, China. Agricultural development in the past half century in the Salween and Mekong watersheds in northwest Yunnan has resulted in severe erosion. The government has recently banned logging and instituted large-scale reforestation programs at the same time. These reforestation projects use Pyrus pyrifolia, Pinus yunnanensis and Pinus armandii.

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Modelling the Effect of Forest Cover on Shallow Landslides at the River Basin Scale

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This study analyzes soil models that can be used to help predict soil erosion which are useful to prioritize reforestation areas of watersheds.

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Forest Rehabilitation and its Implication for Forest Transition Theory

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This article reviews the history of forest rehabilitation in Vietnam, Philippines, China, Peru, Indonesia, and Brazil.

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Effects of Afforestation on Water Yield: A Global Synthesis with Implications for Policy

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This study synthesizes data  from global studies on reforested and afforested areas and compares these to grassland and shrubland areas. In particular, the authors measure response to water runoff.

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Rehabilitación de areas degradadas en la Amazonia peruana: Revisión de experiencias y lecciones aprendidas (Rehabilitation of degraded areas in the Peruvian Amazon: Revision of experiences and lessons learned)

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Antecedentes

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Sesbania sesban improved fallows in eastern Zambia: Their inception, development and farmer enthusiasm

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In eastern Zambia, nitrogen deficiency is a major limiting factor for increased food production. Soil fertility has been declining because of nearly continuous maize (Zea mays) cultivation with little or no nutrient inputs. The use of short-duration tree fallows was one of several agroforestry options hypothesized to restore soil fertility. This study reports on long-term trials with Sesbania sesban in field station and farm trials.

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Mixed-Species Plantings in Regreening the Bare Hills: Tropical Reforestation in the Asia-Pacific Region

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Paying for Biodiversity Conservation Services in Agricultural Landscapes

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This document describes the genesis for the World Bank GEF project from 2002-2007 to implement payments for ecosystem services for silvo-pastoral systems in Colombia, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. The payments were designed to compensate for biodiversity services: international donor money would be exchanged for the international environmental service of biodiversity.

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Management of sedimentation in tropical watersheds

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The sedimentation of reservoirs is a serious problem throughout the tropics, yet most attempts to control sedimentation in large river basins have not been very successful. Reliable information on erosion rates and sources of sediments has been lacking. This paper discusses some of the limitations in estimating erosion and sedimentation and encourages development of specific sediment budgets in order to extrapolate equations and generate management procedures.

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Leveraging the Landscape: State of the Forest Carbon Markets 2012

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This report reviews the state of the international forest carbon market, including the finance and development of reforestation projects.

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China's sloping land conversion program: Institutional innovation or business as usual?

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China’s Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP) is the largest land retirement program in the developing world, having the goal of converting 14.67 million hectares of cropland to forests by 2010, primarily targeting high-slope and marginal lands. The program is being implemented in more than 2000 counties across 25 provinces in China and affects tens of millions of rural households using PES models to promote afforestation.

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Readiness for REDD: Financial Governance and Lessons from Indonesia’s Reforestation Fund (RF)

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This article explains how REDD payments can generate significant financial flows into Indonesia, and how efficient and transparent financial governance is necessary. Using the history of the Indonesia's Reforestation Fund, this article offers recommendations for effective REDD financial management.

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Land Ownership and Forest Restoration

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Reports have indiciated that the majority of forests worldwide are owned by governments yet are typically managed similar to an open-access regime. Moreover, the use of forests by various stakeholders have led to issues, typically regarding access and ownership. This paper examines the connection between ownership regimes and restoration. 

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Restoring Ecological Functions

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Restoration success: how is it being measured?

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Global criteria of restoration success should be clearly established to evaluate restoration projects. Various governments, institutes, and authors use varying criteria, leading to potential misprioritization of goals. Recently, the Society of Ecological Restoration International (SER) produced a Primer that includes key ecosystem attributes that should be considered when evaluating restoration success.

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Drivers of Regrowth in South Asia's Human-Impacted Forests

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This study is an assessment of institutional factors and human drivers that impact forest management and cover change in developing countries, focusing on Nepal and India.

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Afforestation and Reforestation Projects in South and South-East Asia Under the Clean Development Mechanism: Trends and Development Opportunities

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The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) was created as part of the 2007 Kyoto Protocol to assist countries in achieving both development and sustainability. Afforestation and reforestation (AR) projects are a part of the CDM protocal, but can be challenging to implement and measure.

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