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Survival and Growth of Under-Planted Trees: A Meta-Analysis Across four Biomes

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This article is a meta-analysis synthesizing the results of survival and growth of under-planted trees in forests in tropical, temperate coastal, boreal, and temperate deciduous forests. Additionally, the survival and growth of these underplanted trees are evaluated according to the silvicultural treatment affecting density of the overstory: uncut, dense shelterwood, intermediate density shelterwood, light density shelterwood, clear cut.

Open access copy available

Direct Seeding to Restore Tropical Mature-Forest Species in Areas of Slash-and-Burn Agriculture

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Direct seeding of three mature-forest species into areas of slash-and-burn agriculture was conducted to evaluate the germination and establishment of these species.

Open access copy available

Restoration of dry tropical forests in Central America: A review of pattern and process

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Much information on restoration and management exists for wet tropical forests of Central America but comparatively little work has been done in the dry forests of this region. Such information is critical for reforestation efforts that are now occurring throughout Central America. This paper describes processes of degradation due to land use and provides a conceptual framework for the restoration of dry tropical forest, of which less than 2% remains intact.

Open access copy available

Maya Nut Reforestation

Background

Maya Nut is an NGO that seeks to find balance between people, forests, and food. While they do not run a reforestation program directly, they do work closely with communities to reforest degraded lands throughout Latin America. The mission of the program is to conserve the Maya nut tree, Brosimum alicastrum, by planting trees and teaching rural and indigenous women to harvest and process the seed for food and income.

Open access copy available

Tree biodiversity in farmer cooperatives of a shade coffee landscape in western El Salvador

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Conservation of tropical biodiversity in agricultural landscapes has become more important as the area covered by natural ecosystems decreases. Understanding the types of biodiversity common in agriculturally managed lands, and involving farmers in conservation planning, is important for regional conservation goals.

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Impacts of Early- and Late-seral Mycorrhizae during Restoration in Seasonal Tropical Forest, Mexico

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Open access copy available

Patterns of Seed Longevity and Germination in the Tropical Rainforest

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This article reviews the factors that affect seed longevity and germination in tropical trees by providing an introduction to literature on the subject.

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The Role of Seed Banks in Vegetation Dynamics and Restoration of Dry Tropical Ecosystems

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This paper reviews studies on seed banks in tropical dry forests, comparing them with wet tropical and subtropical vegetation.

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Combining ecological, social and technical criteria to select species for forest restoration

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Open access copy available

Local Mangrove Planting in the Philippines: Are Fisherfolk and Fishpond Owners Effective Restorationists?

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This paper evaluates ecological characteristics of mangrove plantations planted by local communities in the Philippines and compares them to natural mangrove forests nearby. 

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Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria: A Potential Tool for Arid Mangrove Reforestation

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Microbes (bacteria and fungi) play a crucial role in nutrient recycling in mangrove systems, which are nutrient deficient. Microbes make nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorous, available to mangroves, while mangroves may improve soil conditions for microbes (for example, by oxidizing the soil). PGPB may be nitrogen fixers, phosphate solubilizers, mineral uptake enhancers, and phytopathogen controllers.

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Are Mangroves Worth Replanting? The Direct Economic Benefits of a Community-Based Reforestation Project

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This study examines the socioeconomic impacts of a community-led reforestation project in the Philippines through a survey of the local fishers over 10 years after replanting. The wider objective of the study was to obtain greater data on the local economic value of mangroves and present it as a comparison to other land uses such as development and aquaculture.

Open access copy available

Influence of species richness and environmental context on early survival of replanted mangroves at Gazi bay, Kenya

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Mangrove restoration is often unsuccessful, thus this study involves long-term large-scale experiments measuring a range of ecosystem functions in replanted mangrove stands in Ghazi in Kenya funded by Earthwatch.

Open access copy available

Sustainable Management of Mangrove Resources through a Participatory Approach - Kenya

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Open access copy available

Colonization of Non-Planted Mangrove Species into Restored Mangrove Stands in Gazi Bay, Kenya

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As mangroves are being recognized as some of the world’s most productive ecosystems, restoration efforts are being undertaken around the world. Not all projects are successful, however. This study will potentially help mangrove restoration practitioners with species selection.

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Net Primary Productivity of Two Mangrove Forest Stands on the Northwestern Coast of Sri Lanka

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This article compares the net primary production of an estuarine mangrove stand to an island fringing stand in Dutch Bay in northwestern Sri Lanka.

Research Goals & Methods

Net above-ground primary productivity was measured by monitoring litterfall and above-ground biomass increment between 1985 and 1987.

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Structural Properties of Two Types of Mangrove Stands on the Northwestern Coast of Sri Lanka

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This article compares the structural diversity of six mangrove stands of both estuarine and island-fringing types in Puttalam lagoon and Dutch Bay in northwestern Sri Lanka.

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A review of the floral composition and distribution of mangroves in Sri Lanka

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The article reviews literature on the numbers and distributions of Sri Lankan mangrove species and highlights the causes of overestimation. It also attempts to provide an accurate count based on standardized fieldwork over a 4-year period along the coast between Palatupana and Puttalam, Sri Lanka. The authors name some examples of mischaracterized or misidentified species from previous studies and address the importance of clearly defining the terms for mangroves.

Open access copy available

Regeneration Status of Mangrove Forests in Mida Creek, Kenya: A Compromised or Secured Future?

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This study investigates natural regeneration and timber potential of the mangrove forests of Mida Creek for better management through the principle of sustained yields.

Open access copy available

Mangrove restoration without planting

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Mangrove planting is the most common method of restoring mangrove forests. However, this approach is not often successful, especially when the causes of mangrove degradation were not removed prior to planting new seedlings or propagules. A successful mangrove restoration project may not necessarily include a planting phase. When the stressors are removed and suitable environmental conditions are present, natural regeneration processes could recover mangroves from degradation.

Open access copy available