Erythrina (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae): A Versatile Genus for Agroforestry Systems in the Tropics.

Erythrina (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae): A Versatile Genus for Agroforestry Systems in the Tropics.

Background

The genus Erythrina (Leguminosae) plays a crucial role in tropical agroforestry systems. These trees are adaptable and widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, with over 100 species globally. Erythrina species are known for their rapid growth, nitrogen-fixing capability, and adaptability to various environments, including low-fertility soils. Historically, they have been integrated into agricultural systems as shade trees, live fences, and forage sources.  The diverse ecological benefits of Erythrina highlight its importance in addressing food security, environmental conservation, and rural livelihoods in tropical regions.

Goals and Methods

This study focuses on documenting the ecological, agricultural, and economic benefits of Erythrina species within agroforestry systems. Data was collected from multiple species across various applications, including shade provision, soil enrichment, and fodder production. The research explores biological traits like nitrogen fixation, pruning response, and high protein content in foliage. Case studies include the use of Erythrina poeppigiana in coffee and cacao plantations, live fences with Erythrina berteroana, and nitrogen cycling comparisons with non-leguminous trees. Field trials measured biomass production, growth rates, and soil improvement capacities, highlighting the genus’s role in sustainable agriculture.

Conclusions and Takeaways

Erythrina species exhibit exceptional versatility and sustainability benefits. E. poeppigiana and E. berteroana offer biomass yields of up to 12 tons/ha/year when used for shade and living fences. Their foliage, rich in crude protein (25-30%), serves as valuable livestock feed. Nitrogen fixation rates reach 40 kg/ha/year, supporting soil fertility and crop productivity. Case studies reveal increased cacao and coffee yields under Erythrina shade. Additionally, the genus's adaptability to diverse tropical climates and its role in nutrient cycling emphasize its potential for broader adoption. Integrating Erythrina into agroforestry enhances productivity and sustainability while addressing ecological challenges like soil degradation and deforestation.

Reference: 

Russo RO. Erythrina (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) A Versatile Genus for Agroforestry Systems in the Tropics. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture. 1991;1(2):89 - 109. doi:10.1300/J064v01n02_06.