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Livelihoods, Forests, and Conservation in Developing Countries: An Overview

BACKGROUND:

Poverty is a huge challenge, with 2.8 billion of the world’s 6 billion people living on less than $2 a day. The paper highlights the alarming extent of poverty in developing countries and addresses the rapid deforestation, which compromises ecological integrity and exacerbates social inequities. The authors focus on exploring whether poverty alleviation and forest conservation can be aligned as complementary rather than conflicting objectives.

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Forest concessions in the Maya Biosphere Reserve, Guatemala: A decade later

BACKGROUND:

Over the past few decades, there has been a significant shift in conservation strategies from traditional command-and-control approaches to more inclusive, community-focused philosophies. This transition was driven by the recognition of the failures of strict protectionism, which often led to diminished ecological and institutional resilience. Simultaneously, the recognition of rural communities as both impacted by and impactful within natural systems has grown, advocating for incentive-based, participatory strategies to address human-environment conflicts effectively.

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Reforesting Bare Hills in Vietnam: Social and Environmental Consequences of the 5 Million Hectare Reforestation Program

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Agrosilvopastoral Systems: A Practical Approach Toward Sustainable Agriculture

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Evaluating alder-endophyte (Alnus acuminata-Frankia-Mycorrhizae) interactions

Background 

The study examines the interactions between Alnus acuminata (a nitrogen-fixing tree), Frankia (a nitrogen-fixing actinomycete), and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM), specifically Glomus intra-radices. These symbiotic relationships are significant in upland areas of Costa Rica, Colombia, and Venezuela, where A. acuminata grows alongside pastures. Frankia forms root nodules that fix atmospheric nitrogen, while VAM enhances phosphorus uptake, crucial for plant growth in nutrient-poor soils. The study aims to understand the effects of these interactions on nitrogen fixation and seedling development under varying phosphorus levels.

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Uso del efecto de borde de la vegetación para la restauración ecológica del bosque tropical

Background 

El artículo aborda la fragmentación de hábitats causada por la deforestación, lo que genera cambios en los procesos ecológicos, específicamente el efecto de borde. Este efecto se caracteriza por la generación de microclimas variables y condiciones dinámicas del suelo en la interfase entre el bosque nativo y la vegetación adyacente inducida. A nivel global, los bosques tropicales han sufrido una deforestación considerable, impactando negativamente la biodiversidad y los ciclos ecológicos. 

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The tree planting and protecting culture of cattle ranchers and small-scale agriculturalists in rural Panama: Opportunities for reforestation and land restoration

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Caracterización estructural y florística de un bosque secundario enriquecido de 15 años en la Región Tropical Húmeda de Costa Rica

Background

El estudio evalúa un bosque secundario enriquecido de 15 años en Costa Rica, originado en un pastizal abandonado. Los bosques secundarios son ecosistemas formados tras la eliminación de la cobertura primaria y tienen potencial económico, ambiental y de conservación de biodiversidad. Este caso analiza cómo la regeneración natural combinada con enriquecimiento puede mejorar su estructura y composición.

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Peasants, agroforesters, and anthropologists: A 20-year venture in income-generating trees and hedgerows in Haiti

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Rural Women, Poverty and Natural Resources: Sustenance, Sustainability and Struggle for Change

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